Incamake
Imashini ya Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC), ikunze kwitwa diyama ivanze, yahinduye imikorere y’inganda zikora ibikoresho bigezweho bitewe n’ubukana bwayo budasanzwe, kudasaza kwayo, no kudahinduka k’ubushyuhe. Iyi nyandiko itanga isesengura ryimbitse ry’imiterere y’ibikoresho bya PDC, inzira zo gukora, n’ikoreshwa ryayo rigezweho mu gukora ibikoresho bigezweho. Ikiganiro kivuga ku ruhare rwayo mu guca vuba cyane, gusya neza cyane, gukora ibikoresho bito, no gukora ibikoresho byo mu kirere. Byongeye kandi, imbogamizi nk’ibiciro byo hejuru by’umusaruro no kudakomera zirakemurwa, hamwe n’impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga rya PDC mu gihe kizaza.
1. Intangiriro
Gutunganya neza bisaba ibikoresho bifite ubukana buhanitse, biramba, kandi bihamye kugira ngo bigere ku rwego rwa micron. Ibikoresho gakondo nka tungsten carbide n'icyuma cyihuta akenshi ntibiba bihagije mu bihe bikomeye, bigatuma hakoreshwa ibikoresho bigezweho nka Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC). PDC, ibikoresho by'ubukorikori bishingiye kuri diyama, bigaragaza imikorere idasanzwe mu gutunganya ibikoresho bikomeye kandi byoroshye, harimo ibumba, ibivanze, n'ibyuma bikomeye.
Iyi nyandiko isuzuma imiterere y'ibanze ya PDC, ubuhanga bwayo mu gukora, n'ingaruka zayo ku ikorwa ry'ibikoresho bigezweho. Byongeye kandi, isuzuma imbogamizi ziriho ubu n'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza mu ikoranabuhanga rya PDC.
2. Imiterere y'ibikoresho bya PDC
PDC igizwe n'urwego rwa diyama ya polycrystalline (PCD) ifatanye na tungsten carbide substrate munsi y'ikirere gifite umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi (HPHT). Imiterere y'ingenzi irimo:
2.1 Ubukomere Bukabije no Kudashira
Diyama ni yo ikoreshwa cyane kurusha izindi zose (ubukana bwa Mohs bwa 10), bigatuma PDC iba nziza cyane mu gutunganya ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa abrasive.
Ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwo kwangirika byongera igihe cyo kubaho kw'ibikoresho, bigabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza mu mikorere.
2.2 Ubushyuhe bwinshi butuma habaho umuvuduko mwinshi
Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza birinda guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gukora imashini yihuta cyane.
Bigabanya kwangirika kw'ibikoresho kandi bikongera imiterere y'ubuso.
2.3 Gukomera kw'ibinyabutabire
Irwanya ingaruka z'imiti ziterwa n'ibikoresho bya fer n'ibidafite fer.
Bigabanya kwangirika kw'ibikoresho mu bidukikije byangiza.
2.4 Gukomera kw'imvune
Igice cya karubide ya tungsten cyongera ubushobozi bwo kudakora neza, kikagabanya gucika no kwangirika.
3. Uburyo bwo gukora PDC
Gukora PDC bikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi z'ingenzi:
3.1 Gutunganya ifu ya diyama
Uduce twa diyama tw’ubukorano tukorwa binyuze muri HPHT cyangwa chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
3.2 Uburyo bwo gukaraba
Ifu ya diyama ishyirwa ku gice cya karuboni cya tungsten munsi y'umuvuduko ukabije (5–7 GPa) n'ubushyuhe (1,400–1,600°C).
Katalogeri y'icyuma (urugero, cobalt) yorohereza guhuza diyama na diyama.
3.3 Nyuma yo Gutunganya
Imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha laser cyangwa amashanyarazi (EDM) zikoreshwa mu gushushanya PDC mo ibikoresho byo gukata.
Uburyo bwo kuvura hejuru butuma uruhu rufatana neza kandi bugagabanya imihangayiko isigaye.
4. Porogaramu mu gutunganya neza imashini
4.1 Gukata Ibikoresho Bidakoresha Feri mu buryo bwihuse
Ibikoresho bya PDC ni byiza cyane mu gutunganya ibintu bya aluminiyumu, umuringa, na fibre ya karuboni.
Ikoreshwa mu bijyanye n'imodoka (gutunganya piston) n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga (gusya PCB).
4.2 Gusya neza cyane ibice by'urumuri
Ikoreshwa mu gukora lens na mirror kuri laser na telescope.
Igera ku bushyuhe bw'ubuso bwa sub-micron (Ra < 0.01 µm).
4.3 Imashini ntoya zikoreshwa mu byuma by'ubuvuzi
Imashini nto za PDC zo gutobora no gusya zitanga imiterere ihambaye mu bikoresho byo kubaga no mu byuma bitera imiti.
4.4 Imashini zikora ibikoresho byo mu kirere
Gutunganya aloyi za titaniyumu na CFRP (polimeri za fibre ya karuboni) nta bikoresho byangiritse cyane.
4.5 Imashini zigezweho za Ceramics n'ibyuma bikomeye
PDC irusha nitride ya cubic boron (CBN) mu gutunganya karubide ya silikoni na karubide ya tungsten.
5. Imbogamizi n'imbogamizi
5.1 Ibiciro by'umusaruro biri hejuru
Amafaranga akoreshwa mu gukora HPHT n'ibikoresho bya diyama agabanya ikoreshwa ryabyo ku bwinshi.
5.2 Uburibwe mu guca ibintu mu buryo butunguranye
Ibikoresho bya PDC bikunze gucikagurika iyo bicukura ahantu hadakora neza.
5.3 Kwangirika k'ubushyuhe ku bushyuhe bwinshi
Gutunganya icyuma gishyushya biba hejuru ya 700°C, bigagabanya ikoreshwa ryacyo mu gutunganya ibikoresho byumye bya fer.
5.4 Guhuza ibyuma bya Feri ku rugero ruto
Indwara za shimi ziterwa n'icyuma zituma zishira vuba.
6. Ingendo n'udushya by'ejo hazaza
6.1 PDC ifite imiterere y'ubugari
Gushyiramo utubuto twa nano-diamond byongera gukomera no kudashira.
6.2 Ibikoresho bya Hybrid PDC-CBN
Guhuza PDC na nitride ya cubic boron (CBN) mu gutunganya ibyuma bya ferrous.
6.3 Gukora inyongeramusaruro z'ibikoresho bya PDC
Gucapa hakoreshejwe 3D bituma habaho imiterere y’ibishushanyo mbonera igoye mu bijyanye no gutunganya ibikoresho byihariye.
6.4 Amarangi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru
Irangi rya karuboni rimeze nka diyama (DLC) rirushaho kunoza igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho.
7. Umwanzuro
PDC yabaye ingenzi cyane mu gutunganya neza, itanga umusaruro udasanzwe mu gutunganya vuba cyane, gusya neza cyane, no gukora imashini nto. Nubwo hari imbogamizi nko kugabanyirizwa no kwangirika, iterambere rikomeje mu bumenyi bw'ibikoresho n'ubuhanga bwo gukora risezeranya kwagura ikoreshwa ryayo. Udushya turi mu gihe kizaza, harimo PDC ifite imiterere mito n'ibishushanyo mbonera by'ibikoresho bivanze, bizashimangira uruhare rwayo mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibikoresho mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-07-2025
