Kwangirika k'ubushyuhe no gukuraho cobalt ya PDC

I. Kwangirika k'ubushyuhe no gukuraho kobalti ya PDC

Mu nzira yo gutwika amenyo ya PDC ikoresheje umuvuduko mwinshi, cobalt ikora nk'umusemburo wo guteza imbere uruvange rw'amabuye ya diyama na diyama, kandi bigatuma urwego rwa diyama na tungsten carbide matrix biba byose, bigatuma PDC ikata amenyo akwiriye gucukurwa mu butaka bw'amavuta kandi ikagira imbaraga nyinshi kandi idashobora kwangirika neza,

Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe bwa diyama ni buke cyane. Mu gihe cy'umuvuduko w'ikirere, ubuso bwa diyama bushobora guhinduka ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 900°C cyangwa irenga. Mu gihe cyo gukoreshwa, PDC zisanzwe zikunda kwangirika kuri dogere 750°C. Iyo zicukura mu mabuye akomeye kandi asharira, PDC zishobora kugera kuri ubu bushyuhe byoroshye bitewe n'ubushyuhe bukabije, kandi ubushyuhe bw'ako kanya (ni ukuvuga ubushyuhe bw'aho hantu ku rwego rwa mikorosikopi) bushobora kuba bwinshi kurushaho, burenze kure urugero rwa cobalt (1495°C).

Ugereranyije na diyama yonyine, bitewe n’uko hari cobalt, diyama ihinduka graphite ku bushyuhe buri hasi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kwangirika kwa diyama guterwa no gupima ubushyuhe buturuka ku bushyuhe bwo mu gace runaka. Byongeye kandi, coefficient ya cobalt yo kwaguka k’ubushyuhe iri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’iya diyama, bityo mu gihe cyo gushyushya, isano iri hagati y’ibinyampeke bya diyama ishobora kwangirika no kwaguka kwa cobalt.

Mu 1983, abashakashatsi babiri bakoze igikorwa cyo gukuraho diyama ku buso bw'amenyo asanzwe ya PDC, byongera cyane imikorere y'amenyo ya PDC. Ariko, iki gikorwa cyo kuvumbura nticyahawe agaciro gakwiye. Nyuma ya 2000, abatanga imashini zo gucukura batangiye gukoresha ubu buryo ku menyo ya PDC akoreshwa mu gucukura amabuye. Amenyo avuwe n'ubu buryo akwiriye imiterere yo gukurura cyane kandi akoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi akunze kwitwa amenyo "yakuwemo cobalti".

Icyo bita "de-cobalt" gikorwa mu buryo bwa gakondo bwo gukora PDC, hanyuma ubuso bw'urwego rwayo rwa diyama bukinjizwa muri aside ikomeye kugira ngo ikureho cobalt phase binyuze mu gikorwa cyo gukata aside. Ubujyakuzimu bwo gukuraho cobalt bushobora kugera kuri mikoroni 200.

Ikizamini gikomeye cyo kwangirika cyakozwe ku menyo abiri asa ya PDC (rimwe muri yo ryari ryarakuweho cobalt ku buso bwa diyama). Nyuma yo gukata metero 5000 za granite, byagaragaye ko igipimo cyo kwangirika kwa PDC itari cobalt cyatangiye kwiyongera cyane. Mu buryo bunyuranye, PDC yakuweho cobalt yakomeje umuvuduko uhamye wo gukata mu gihe yakataga metero zigera ku 15000 z'amabuye.

2. Uburyo bwo gutahura PDC

Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gupima amenyo ya PDC, ari bwo gupima amenyo yangiza n'uburyo bwo kuyapima budasenya.

1. Gupima ibintu byangiza

Ibi bizamini bigamije kwigana imiterere y’amenyo yo hasi mu buryo bushoboka kugira ngo harebwe imikorere y’amenyo yo gukata muri ubwo buryo. Uburyo bubiri bw’ingenzi bwo gupima amenyo yangiza ni ibizamini byo kwirinda kwangirika no gupima guhangana n’ingaruka.

(1) Ikizamini cyo kwirinda kwambara imyenda

Ubwoko butatu bw'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora ibizamini byo kwirinda kwangirika kwa PDC:

A. Imashini ifunga ihagaze (VTL)

Mu gihe cyo gupima, banza ushyire agace ka PDC kuri lathe ya VTL hanyuma ushyire icyitegererezo cy'amabuye (ubusanzwe granite) iruhande rw'agace ka PDC. Hanyuma uzengurutse icyitegererezo cy'amabuye ukikije umurongo wa lathe ku muvuduko runaka. Agace ka PDC gaca mu icyitegererezo cy'amabuye gifite ubujyakuzimu bwihariye. Mu gihe ukoresha granite mu gupima, ubu bujyakuzimu bwo gukata muri rusange buba buri munsi ya mm 1. Iki kizamini gishobora kuba cyumye cyangwa gitose. Mu "gupima VTL byumye," iyo agace ka PDC gaciye mu rutare, nta gukonjesha gutangwa; ubushyuhe bwose buvamo bwinjira muri PDC, bikihutisha inzira yo gushushanya diyama. Ubu buryo bwo gupima butanga umusaruro mwiza iyo usuzuma uduce twa PDC mu bihe bisaba gucukura cyane cyangwa umuvuduko mwinshi wo kuzenguruka.

"Ikizamini cya VTL cyuzuye" gipima ubuzima bwa PDC mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe buringaniye binyuze mu gukonjesha amenyo ya PDC n'amazi cyangwa umwuka mu gihe cyo gupima. Kubwibyo, isoko nyamukuru y'ubushyuhe bw'iki kizamini ni ugusya icyitegererezo cy'amabuye aho kuba ikintu gishyushya.

B, imashini ikoze mu buryo butambitse

Iki kizamini kandi gikorwa na granite, kandi ihame ry'ikizamini muri rusange ni kimwe na VTL. Igihe cy'ikizamini ni iminota mike gusa, kandi ubushyuhe hagati y'amenyo ya granite na PDC ni buke cyane.

Ibipimo by'igerageza rya granite bikoreshwa n'abatanga ibikoresho bya PDC biratandukanye. Urugero, ibipimo by'igerageza bikoreshwa na Synthetic Corporation na DI Company muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ntabwo bisa neza, ariko bakoresha ibikoresho bimwe bya granite mu igerageza ryabo, ibuye rinini kugeza ku riciriritse rifite imyenge mike cyane n'imbaraga zo gukanda za 190MPa.

C. Igikoresho cyo gupima igipimo cy'uburibwe

Mu buryo bwagenwe, urwego rwa diyama rwa PDC rukoreshwa mu gukata urusinga rwa silikoni, kandi igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'urusinga rw'urusinga n'umuvuduko w'urunda rwa PDC bifatwa nk'igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'urunda rwa PDC, ari byo byitwa igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'urunda.

(2) Ikizamini cyo kurwanya ingaruka

Uburyo bwo gupima ingaruka bukubiyemo gushyiraho amenyo ya PDC ku nguni ya dogere 15-25 hanyuma ugata ikintu uvuye ku burebure runaka kugira ngo ukubite ku rubaraza rwa diyama ku menyo ya PDC uhagaze. Uburemere n'uburebure by'ikintu gigwa bigaragaza urwego rw'ingufu z'ingaruka rugaragara ku menyo ya PDC, rushobora kwiyongera buhoro buhoro kugeza kuri joules 100. Buri ryinyo rishobora gukubitwa inshuro 3-7 kugeza igihe ridashobora gupimwa ukundi. Muri rusange, nibura ingero 10 za buri bwoko bw'amenyo zirageragezwa kuri buri rwego rw'ingufu. Kubera ko hari urwego rw'ubudahangarwa bw'amenyo ku ngaruka, ibisubizo by'ibizamini kuri buri rwego rw'ingufu ni ubuso busanzwe bwa diyama nyuma y'ingaruka kuri buri ryinyo.

2. Isuzuma ritangiza ibidukikije

Uburyo bwo gupima budasenya bukoreshwa cyane (usibye kugenzura amaso no mu buryo bwa mikorosikopi) ni ugupima hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga (ultrasound scanning) (Cscan).

Ikoranabuhanga rya C scanning rishobora kubona inenge nto no kumenya aho inenge iherereye n'ingano yayo. Mu gihe ukora iki kizamini, banza ushyire iryinyo rya PDC mu kigega cy'amazi, hanyuma ukoreshe icyuma gipima ukoresheje ultrasound;

Iyi nkuru yongeye gusohoka kuva kuri “Urugaga Mpuzamahanga rw'Ubucuzi bw'Ibyuma"