Mu isi yo gucukura, iterambere ry’imashini zicukura za PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) ryahinduye byinshi mu nganda za peteroli na gaze. Mu myaka yashize, imashini zicukura za PDC zagiye zihinduka cyane mu miterere n’imikorere, zinoza imikorere yazo kandi zikongera igihe cyo kuzimara.
Mu ntangiriro, imashini zikata za PDC zari zigenewe gutanga ubundi buryo burambye kandi bunoze bwo gusimbura imashini gakondo zikoresha tungsten carbide. Zatangiye gukoreshwa mu myaka ya 1970 kandi zahise zikundwa cyane bitewe n'ubushobozi bwazo bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mu ikoreshwa ry'imashini zicukura cyane. Ariko, imashini zikata za PDC zo hambere zari zifite imbogamizi kubera ko zari zisanzwe zipfa ubusa kandi zashoboraga gucika no kwangirika.
Uko ikoranabuhanga ryagendaga ritera imbere, abakora ibikoresho batangiye kugerageza ibikoresho bishya n'imiterere kugira ngo banoze imikorere y'ibyuma bikata PDC. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byagezweho ni ukwinjizwa kw'ibyuma bikata diyama ya polycrystalline (TSP) ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibi bikoresho byari bifite urwego rwa diyama rukomeye kandi byashoboraga kwihanganira ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko mwinshi kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe bikata PDC.
Indi ntambwe ikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga rya PDC cutter ni ukwinjira mu mashini zica uduce twa hybrid. Izi mashini zahuje kuramba kwa PDC n'ubukomere bwa tungsten carbide kugira ngo hakorwe igikoresho cyo gukata gishobora guhangana n'ikoreshwa ry'imashini zica uduce rigoye cyane.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, iterambere mu buhanga bwo gukora ryatumye habaho ubuhanga buhambaye mu gukata PDC. Ibi byatumye habaho ibyuma byihariye bicukura byagenewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye, nko gucukura mu cyerekezo kimwe no gucukura hakoreshejwe umuvuduko mwinshi/ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Iterambere ry’imashini zikata PDC ryagize ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda za peteroli na gaze. Bitewe n’ubushobozi bwazo bwo kwihanganira imimerere mibi no kumara igihe kirekire kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gukata, imashini zikata PDC zongereye ubushobozi bwo gucukura no kugabanya igihe cyo gukora. Uko ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura rikomeza gutera imbere, birashoboka ko tuzabona iterambere rinini mu miterere n’imikorere y’imashini zikata PDC.
Mu gusoza, imashini zikata PDC zateye imbere cyane kuva zatangira gukoreshwa mu myaka ya 1970. Kuva mu ntangiriro zazo nk'uburyo burambye bwo gusimbura imashini zicukura karuboni ya tungsten, kugeza ku iterambere ry'imashini zikata zagenewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye mu gucukura, iterambere ry'imashini zikata PDC ryabaye ritangaje. Uko inganda za peteroli na gaze zikomeza gutera imbere, imashini zikata PDC nta gushidikanya ko zizagira uruhare runini mu gutuma habaho imikorere myiza n'umusaruro mu bikorwa byo gucukura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-04-2023
