Igikoresho cya PCD gikozwe muri polycrystalline icyuma cya diyama na matrike ya karbide binyuze mubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe no gucumura umuvuduko mwinshi. Ntishobora gutanga gusa umukino wuzuye kubyiza byo gukomera kwinshi, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumuriro mwinshi, coefficient de fraisement nkeya, coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe buke, isano rito hamwe nicyuma nicyuma, modulus yo hejuru ya elastike, nta buso bufatika, isotropique, ariko kandi izirikana imbaraga nyinshi zivanze cyane.
Ubushyuhe bwumuriro, ingaruka zikomeye no kwambara birwanya ibintu nyamukuru byerekana PCD. Kuberako ikoreshwa cyane mubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nibidukikije bihangayikishije cyane, ubushyuhe bwumuriro nikintu cyingenzi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ubushyuhe bwa PCD bugira ingaruka zikomeye kumyambarire yayo no gukomera. Amakuru yerekana ko iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 750 ℃, kurwanya kwambara no gukomera kwa PCD muri rusange bigabanukaho 5% -10%.
Imiterere ya kristu ya PCD igena imiterere yayo. Muri microstructure, atome ya karubone ikora covalent isano hamwe na atome enye zegeranye, kubona imiterere ya tetrahedral, hanyuma igakora kristu ya atome, ifite icyerekezo gikomeye nimbaraga zihuza, hamwe nubukomere bukabije. Ibikorwa byingenzi byerekana imikorere ya PCD nibi bikurikira: ness gukomera birashobora kugera kuri 8000 HV, inshuro 8-12 za karbide; Conduct Ubushyuhe bwumuriro ni 700W / mK, inshuro 1.5-9, ndetse burenze PCBN n'umuringa; Eff coefficient de fraisement ni 0.1-0.3 gusa, munsi ya 0.4-1 ya karbide, bigabanya cyane imbaraga zo guca; Eff coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe ni 0.9x10-6-1.18x10-6,1 / 5 ya karbide, ishobora kugabanya ihindagurika ryumuriro no kunoza neza gutunganya neza; Materials nibikoresho bitari ibyuma ntabwo bifitanye isano no gukora nodules.
Cubic boron nitride ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya okiside kandi irashobora gutunganya ibikoresho birimo fer, ariko ubukana buri munsi ya diyama imwe ya kirisiti, umuvuduko wo gutunganya uratinda kandi imikorere ikaba mike. Diyama imwe ya kirisiti ifite ubukana bwinshi, ariko gukomera ntibihagije. Anisotropy yorohereza gutandukana kuruhande (111) hejuru yingufu ziva hanze, kandi gutunganya neza ni bike. PCD ni polymer ikomatanya na micron-nini ya diyama ibice bimwe na bimwe. Imiterere y'akajagari yo kwegeranya ibintu bidahwitse biganisha kuri macroscopique isotropic kamere yayo, kandi nta buso buyobora kandi buva mu mbaraga zikomeye. Ugereranije na diyama imwe ya kirisiti, imbibi zimbuto za PCD zigabanya neza anisotropy kandi igahindura imiterere yubukanishi.
1. Gutegura amahame yibikoresho byo guca PCD
(1) Guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro ingano ya PCD
Mubyukuri, PCD igomba kugerageza kunonosora ibinyampeke, no gukwirakwiza inyongeramusaruro hagati yibicuruzwa bigomba kuba bimwe bishoboka kugirango tuneshe anisotropy. Guhitamo ingano ya PCD nayo ifitanye isano nuburyo bwo gutunganya. Muri rusange, PCD ifite imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwiza, kurwanya ingaruka nziza hamwe nintete nziza zirashobora gukoreshwa mukurangiza cyangwa kurangiza neza, kandi PCD yintete nini irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora rusange. Ingano ya PCD irashobora guhindura cyane imikorere yimyambarire. Ubuvanganzo bujyanye na bwo bugaragaza ko iyo ingano y’ibikoresho fatizo ari nini, kurwanya kwambara bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro hamwe no kugabanuka kw ingano, ariko iyo ingano ari nto cyane, iri tegeko ntirikurikizwa.
Ubushakashatsi bujyanye na bwo bwatoranije ifu ya diyama enye ifite impuzandengo ya 10um, 5um, 2um na 1um, maze hanzurwa ko: ① Kugabanuka k'ubunini bw'ibikoresho fatizo, Co ikwirakwira cyane; hamwe no kugabanuka kwa ②, kurwanya kwambara no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwa PCD byagabanutse buhoro buhoro.
(2) Guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro imiterere yumunwa wumubyimba nubunini bwicyuma
Imiterere yumunwa wibyuma ikubiyemo ahanini ibintu bine: impande zinyuranye, uruziga rudahwitse, impande zinyuranye zuzengurutse uruziga rugizwe nu mfuruka ityaye. Imiterere ityaye ituma impande zisharira, umuvuduko wo gukata urihuta, urashobora kugabanya cyane imbaraga zo gukata na burr, kuzamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa, birakwiriye cyane kuri aluminiyumu ya silicon nkeya hamwe nubundi bukomeye buke, kurangiza ibyuma bidafite ferrous. Imiterere ya obtuse irashobora kunyura umunwa wicyuma, ikora R Angle, irinda neza icyuma kumeneka, ikwiriye gutunganyirizwa hagati ya silicon aluminium. Mubihe bimwe bidasanzwe, nko gukata ubujyakuzimu no kugaburira icyuma gito, imiterere yuruziga irahitamo. Imiterere ihindagurika irashobora kongera impande nu mfuruka, guhagarika icyuma, ariko mugihe kimwe, bizongera umuvuduko no kugabanya ubukana, bikwiranye nuburemere buremereye bwo guca silikoni ya aluminiyumu.
Kugirango byorohereze EDM, mubisanzwe hitamo urupapuro ruto rwa PDC (0.3-1.0mm), wongeyeho karbide, ubunini bwuzuye bwigikoresho ni 28mm. Igice cya karbide ntigomba kuba kinini cyane kugirango wirinde gutandukana guterwa no gutandukanya imihangayiko hagati yubusabane
2, uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho bya PCD
Igikorwa cyo gukora ibikoresho bya PCD kigena mu buryo butaziguye imikorere yo kugabanya no gukora ubuzima bwa serivisi, nurufunguzo rwo kuyikoresha no kwiteza imbere. Igikorwa cyo gukora ibikoresho bya PCD cyerekanwe mubishusho 5.
(1) Gukora ibinini bya PCD (PDC)
Processing Uburyo bwo gukora PDC
Ubusanzwe PDC igizwe nifu ya diyama isanzwe cyangwa yubukorikori hamwe nubushakashatsi buhuza ubushyuhe bwinshi (1000-2000 ℃) hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi (atm 5-10). Umukozi uhuza akora ikiraro gihuza TiC, Sic, Fe, Co, Ni, nibindi nkibice byingenzi, kandi kirisiti ya diyama yashyizwe muri skeleti yikiraro gihuza muburyo bwa covalent. Ubusanzwe PDC ikorwa muri disiki zifite diameter ihamye nubunini, hamwe no gusya no gusya hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kuvura kumubiri nubumara. Mubyukuri, uburyo bwiza bwa PDC bugomba kugumana ibintu byiza biranga umubiri wa diyama imwe ya kirisiti ishoboka, kubwibyo rero, inyongeramusaruro mumubiri wicyaha zigomba kuba nkeya zishoboka, mugihe kimwe, agace ka DD guhuza hamwe bishoboka,
Gutondekanya no guhitamo binders
Binder nicyo kintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumyuka yubushyuhe bwigikoresho cya PCD, kigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye, kwambara no guhangana nubushyuhe. Uburyo busanzwe bwa PCD ni: ibyuma, cobalt, nikel nibindi byuma byinzibacyuho. Ifu ivanze na Co na W yakoreshejwe nkumukozi uhuza, kandi imikorere yuzuye ya PCD yicumura yari nziza mugihe igitutu cya synthesis cyari 5.5 GPa, ubushyuhe bwo gucumura bwari 1450 ℃ hamwe na 4min. SiC, TiC, WC, TiB2, nibindi bikoresho byubutaka. SiC Ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa SiC buruta ubwa Co, ariko gukomera no kuvunika gukomera ni bike. Kugabanya bikwiye ingano yibikoresho fatizo birashobora kunoza ubukana nubukomere bwa PCD. Nta gufatisha, hamwe na grafite cyangwa izindi nkomoko ya karubone mubushyuhe bukabije kandi n'umuvuduko mwinshi watwitse muri diyama ya nanoscale polymer (NPD). Gukoresha grafite nkibibanziriza gutegura NPD nibintu bisabwa cyane, ariko NPD ikomatanya ifite ubukana buhebuje nibintu byiza bya mashini.
Guhitamo no kugenzura ③ ibinyampeke
Ifu yibikoresho bya diyama nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya PCD. Gutegura micropowder ya diyama, ukongeramo ibintu bike bibuza gukura kwa diyama idasanzwe no guhitamo neza inyongeramusaruro zishobora kubuza gukura kwa diyama idasanzwe.
NPD nziza cyane ifite imiterere imwe irashobora gukuraho neza anisotropy no kurushaho kunoza imiterere yubukanishi. Ifu ya nanografi ya precursor yateguwe nuburyo bwo gusya imipira yingufu nyinshi yakoreshejwe mugutunganya ogisijeni mubushyuhe bwo hejuru mbere yo gucumura, guhindura grafite muri diyama munsi ya 18 GPa na 2100-2300 ℃, kubyara lamella na granular NPD, kandi ubukana bwiyongereye hamwe no kugabanuka kwubugari bwa lamella.
Kuvura imiti yatinze
Ku bushyuhe bumwe (200 ° ℃) nigihe (20h), ingaruka zo gukuraho cobalt ya acide ya Lewis-FeCl3 yari nziza cyane ugereranije n’amazi, kandi igipimo cyiza cya HCl cyari 10-15g / 100ml. Ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa PCD butera imbere uko ubujyakuzimu bwa cobalt bwiyongera. Kubikura bikabije PCD, kuvura aside irashobora gukuraho burundu Co, ariko bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya polymer; ongeraho TiC na WC kugirango uhindure imiterere ya polycristal synthique no guhuza hamwe no kuvura aside ikomeye kugirango utezimbere PCD. Kugeza ubu, gahunda yo gutegura ibikoresho bya PCD iratera imbere, ubukana bwibicuruzwa nibyiza, anisotropy yaratejwe imbere cyane, imaze kubona umusaruro wubucuruzi, inganda zijyanye nabyo ziratera imbere byihuse.
(2) Gutunganya icyuma cya PCD
Gukata inzira
PCD ifite ubukana bwinshi, kwihanganira kwambara neza hamwe nuburyo bukomeye bwo guca.
Uburyo bwo gusudira
PDC numubiri wicyuma ukoresheje clamp ya mashini, guhuza no gushakisha. Brazing ni ugukanda PDC kuri matrike ya karbide, harimo guswera vacuum, gusudira vacuum, guswera inshuro nyinshi, gushyushya laser, gusudira laser, nibindi. Ubwiza bwo gusudira bufitanye isano na flux, gusudira hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gusudira. Ubushyuhe bwo gusudira (muri rusange buri munsi ya 700 ° ℃) bugira ingaruka zikomeye, ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, byoroshye gutera igishushanyo cya PCD, cyangwa ndetse no "gutwika cyane", bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye bwo gusudira, kandi ubushyuhe buke cyane bizatera imbaraga zo gusudira zidahagije. Ubushyuhe bwo gusudira burashobora kugenzurwa nigihe cyo kubika hamwe nuburebure bwumutuku wa PCD.
Gr uburyo bwo gusya
PCD ibikoresho byo gusya ni urufunguzo rwo gukora. Mubisanzwe, agaciro kampera yicyuma nicyuma kiri muri 5um, naho radiyo arc iri muri 4um; gukata imbere n'inyuma byemeza neza ko birangiye, ndetse bikagabanya no gukata imbere Ra kugeza kuri 0.01 μ m kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa byindorerwamo, kora imitwe itembera hejuru yicyuma cyimbere kandi wirinde icyuma gifata.
Gusya kwa blade birimo gusya kwa diyama gusya imashini isya ibyuma, gusya amashanyarazi amashanyarazi (EDG), ibyuma bicyuma super hard abrasive gusya uruziga kumurongo wa electrolytike irangiza gusya (ELID), gusya hamwe. Muri byo, gusya kwa diyama gusya imashini isya ni yo ikuze cyane, ikoreshwa cyane.
Ubushakashatsi bufitanye isano: wheel uruziga ruto rusya ruzunguruka ruzatuma habaho gusenyuka gukomeye, kandi ingano yubunini bwuruziga rusya iragabanuka, kandi ubwiza bwicyuma buba bwiza; Ingano yubunini bwa ② gusya ibiziga bifitanye isano rya bugufi nubwiza bwicyuma cyiza cyangwa ibikoresho bya ultrafine PCD ibikoresho, ariko bigira ingaruka nke kubikoresho bito bya PCD.
Ubushakashatsi bujyanye no murugo no mumahanga byibanda cyane cyane kuburyo hamwe nuburyo bwo gusya. Muburyo bwo gusya ibyuma, kuvanaho thermochemical no gukuraho imashini nibyo byiganje, kandi kuvanaho no gukuramo umunaniro ni bito. Iyo usya, ukurikije imbaraga nubushyuhe bwimbaraga zinyuranye zihuza inzitizi ya diyama yo gusya, kunoza umuvuduko ninshuro ya swing yumuziga usya kure hashoboka, wirinde kuvanaho ubukana numunaniro, kunoza igipimo cyo kuvanaho imiti, no kugabanya ubukana bwubuso. Ubuso bukabije bwo gusya bwumye ni buke, ariko byoroshye kubera ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya cyane, gutwika ibikoresho hejuru,
Inzira yo gusya ikeneye gukenera kwitondera: ① hitamo ibipimo bifatika byo gusya, birashobora gutuma ubwiza bwumunwa bwumunwa burushaho kuba bwiza, imbere nicyuma cyinyuma kirangirira hejuru. Ariko rero, tekereza nanone imbaraga zo gusya cyane, igihombo kinini, gukora neza gusya, igiciro kinini; ② hitamo ubuziranenge bwuruziga, harimo ubwoko bwa binder, ingano yingirakamaro, kwibanda, guhuza, gusunika uruziga, hamwe nuburyo bwumye kandi butose bwo gusya, birashobora guhindura igikoresho imbere ninyuma, icyuma cya passivation agaciro nibindi bipimo, mugihe uzamura ubuziranenge bwibikoresho.
Inziga zitandukanye zihuza uruziga rwa diamant rufite ibintu bitandukanye, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gusya n'ingaruka. Resin binder diamant umucanga uruziga rworoshye, Gusya byoroshye byoroshye kugwa imburagihe, Kutagira ubushyuhe bwumuriro, Ubuso burahinduka byoroshye nubushyuhe, Ubusya bwa Blade burashobora kwambara ibimenyetso, Ubunini bukomeye; Icyuma gisya diyama gisya gikomeza gukarurwa no gusya gusya, Guhinduka neza, kugaragara, Ubuso buke bwo hasi bwo gusya, Gukora neza, Nyamara, ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibice byo gusya butuma kwikenura bikabije, Kandi gukata byoroshye gusiga icyuho cyingaruka, Bitera kwangirika gukabije; Ceramic binder ya diamant gusya ifite imbaraga ziciriritse, Imikorere myiza yo kwishima, Imyanda myinshi yimbere, Gukuraho ivumbi rya Favfor no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, Irashobora guhuza na coolant zitandukanye, Ubushyuhe buke bwo gusya, Uruziga rwo gusya ntirwambarwa cyane, Kugumana imiterere myiza, Ukuri kwiza cyane, Nyamara, umubiri wo gusya kwa diyama no guhambira biganisha ku gukora ibyobo hejuru yububiko. Koresha ukurikije ibikoresho byo gutunganya, gusya neza neza, kuramba kuramba hamwe nubuziranenge bwibikorwa byakazi.
Ubushakashatsi ku gusya neza bwibanda cyane cyane ku kuzamura umusaruro no kugenzura ibiciro. Mubisanzwe, igipimo cyo gusya Q (kuvanaho PCD kumwanya wigihe) hamwe no kwambara G (igipimo cyo gukuraho PCD no gusya ibiziga) bikoreshwa nkibipimo byo gusuzuma.
Intiti yo mu Budage KENTER gusya igikoresho cya PCD hamwe nigitutu gihoraho, ikizamini: ① byongera umuvuduko wo gusya, ingano ya PDC nubunini bwa coolant, igipimo cyo gusya no kugereranya kugabanuka; ② byongera ingano yo gusya, byongera umuvuduko uhoraho, byongera ubunini bwa diyama mu ruziga rusya, igipimo cyo gusya no kwiyongera kwiyongera; Type ubwoko bwa binder buratandukanye, igipimo cyo gusya no kugereranya biratandukanye. KENTER Igikorwa cyo gusya icyuma cyibikoresho bya PCD cyizwe kuri gahunda, ariko ingaruka zogusya icyuma ntizasesenguwe kuri gahunda.
3. Koresha no kunanirwa ibikoresho byo guca PCD
(1) Guhitamo ibikoresho byo guca ibikoresho
Mugihe cyambere cyibikoresho bya PCD, umunwa utyaye umunwa uca buhoro buhoro, kandi uburinganire bwimashini bwabaye bwiza. Passivation irashobora gukuraho neza icyuho cya micro hamwe na burr ntoya yazanwe no gusya, ikazamura ubwiza bwubuso bwuruhande, kandi mugihe kimwe, ikora uruziga ruzengurutse kugirango rusunike kandi rusanwe hejuru yatunganijwe, bityo bizamura ubwiza bwubuso bwakazi.
Igikoresho cya PCD gisya aluminiyumu, umuvuduko wo kugabanya muri rusange muri 4000m / min, gutunganya umwobo muri rusange muri 800m / min, gutunganya ibyuma bya elastike-plastike bidafite ferrous bigomba gufata umuvuduko mwinshi (300-1000m / min). Ingano yo kugaburira irasabwa muri rusange hagati ya 0.08-0.15mm / r. Ingano nini cyane yo kugaburira, kongera imbaraga zo gukata, kongera ubuso bwa geometrike busigaye bwakazi; ingano ntoya yo kugaburira, kongera ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya, no kwambara. Ubujyakuzimu bwiyongera, imbaraga zo gukata ziriyongera, ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya bwiyongera, ubuzima buragabanuka, ubujyakuzimu bukabije burashobora gutera byoroshye gusenyuka; ubujyakuzimu buto buganisha kumashini gukomera, kwambara ndetse no gusenyuka.
(2) Kwambara ifishi
Igikoresho cyo gutunganya ibikoresho, kubera guterana, ubushyuhe bwinshi nizindi mpamvu, kwambara byanze bikunze. Kwambara igikoresho cya diyama bigizwe nibyiciro bitatu: icyiciro cyambere cyo kwambara byihuse (nanone kizwi nkicyiciro cyinzibacyuho), icyiciro cyo kwambara gihamye hamwe nigipimo gihoraho cyo kwambara, nicyiciro cyihuta cyo kwambara. Icyiciro cyo kwambara cyihuta cyerekana ko igikoresho kidakora kandi gisaba gusubirana. Uburyo bwo kwambara bwibikoresho byo gukata burimo kwambara (kwambara gusudira gukonje), kwambara gukwirakwizwa, kwambara nabi, kwambara okiside, nibindi.
Bitandukanye nibikoresho gakondo, uburyo bwo kwambara bwibikoresho bya PCD ni kwambara bifatanye, kwambara gukwirakwizwa no kwangirika kwa polycrystalline. Muri byo, kwangirika kwa polycristal nimpamvu nyamukuru, bigaragarira nkisenyuka ryoroheje ryatewe ningaruka ziva hanze cyangwa gutakaza ibiti bifata muri PDC, bikagira icyuho, kikaba cyangiritse kumashanyarazi, gishobora gutuma igabanuka ryibikorwa bitunganijwe hamwe nibisigazwa byakazi. Ingano ya PCD, ifishi yicyuma, Inguni, ibikoresho byakazi hamwe nibikoresho byo gutunganya bizagira ingaruka kumbaraga zicyuma no gukata, hanyuma bigatera kwangirika kwa polycristal. Mubikorwa byubwubatsi, ingano yingirakamaro yibikoresho, ibipimo byibikoresho hamwe nibitunganyirizwa bigomba guhitamo ukurikije uburyo bwo gutunganya.
4. Iterambere ryibikoresho byo guca PCD
Kugeza ubu, urwego rwo gukoresha ibikoresho bya PCD rwaguwe kuva gakondo rujya gucukura, gusya, gukata byihuse, kandi rwakoreshejwe cyane mu gihugu no hanze yarwo. Iterambere ryihuse ry’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi ntabwo ryazanye gusa ingaruka ku nganda gakondo z’imodoka, ahubwo ryazanye ibibazo bitigeze bibaho mu nganda z’ibikoresho, risaba inganda z’ibikoresho kwihutisha iterambere no guhanga udushya.
Ikoreshwa ryinshi ryibikoresho byo gukata PCD byimbitse kandi biteza imbere ubushakashatsi niterambere ryibikoresho byo gutema. Hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimbitse, ibisobanuro bya PDC bigenda biba bito kandi bito, gutunganya ingano nziza yo gutunganya ingano, guhuza imikorere, igipimo cyo gusya no kugereranya ni byinshi kandi biri hejuru, imiterere nuburyo butandukanye. Icyerekezo cyubushakashatsi bwibikoresho bya PCD birimo: ① ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere PCD yoroheje; ② gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya bya PCD; Ubushakashatsi bwo gusudira neza ibikoresho bya PCD no kurushaho kugabanya ibiciro; Impro ubushakashatsi butezimbere PCD igikoresho cyo gusya kugirango tunoze imikorere; ⑤ ubushakashatsi butezimbere ibikoresho bya PCD kandi ikoresha ibikoresho ukurikije imiterere yaho; ⑥ ubushakashatsi buhitamo guhitamo ibipimo ukurikije ibikoresho byatunganijwe.
incamake
(1) PCD igikoresho cyo guca imikorere, kora ikibazo cyo kubura ibikoresho byinshi bya karbide; icyarimwe, igiciro kiri hasi cyane kurenza igikoresho kimwe cya kristu ya diyama, mugukata kijyambere, nigikoresho cyiza;
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(3) Ibikoresho bya PCD bifite ubukana bwinshi, nicyo kintu cyiza cyo guca intara yintara, ariko kandi bizana ingorane zo guca ibikoresho. Mugihe cyo gukora, kugirango dusuzume byimazeyo inzira igoye no gutunganya ibikenewe, kugirango ugere kubikorwa byiza byigiciro;
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(5) Ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya bya PCD kugirango utsinde ibitagenda neza
Iyi ngingo yakomotse kuri "umuyoboro wibikoresho bya superhard"
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-25-2025
