Igikoresho cya PCD gikozwe mu mutwe w'icyuma cya diyama ya polycrystalline na matrix ya karubide binyuze mu bushyuhe bwinshi no gushyuha cyane. Ntabwo gishobora gusa gutanga inyungu zuzuye zo gukomera cyane, ubwikorezi bwinshi bw'ubushyuhe, ubwinshi buke bw'ubushyuhe, ubwinshi buke bw'ubushyuhe, ubwinshi buke bw'icyuma n'ibitari icyuma, modulus nyinshi zoroshye, ubuso budacikamo, isotropic, ahubwo kinazirikana imbaraga nyinshi z'icyuma gikomeye.
Gukomera ku bushyuhe, gukomera ku ngaruka no kudashira ni byo bimenyetso by'ingenzi bya PCD. Kubera ko ikoreshwa cyane mu bushyuhe bwinshi n'ahantu hashyushye cyane, guhagarara ku bushyuhe ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko guhagarara ku bushyuhe bwa PCD bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kudashira kwayo no gukomera kwayo. Imibare igaragaza ko iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 750℃, guhagarara ku ngaruka no gukomera kwa PCD muri rusange bigabanukaho 5% -10%.
Imiterere ya kristu ya PCD ni yo igena imiterere yayo. Mu miterere mito, atome za karuboni zigira imigozi ihuza atome enye zegeranye, zibona imiterere ya tetrahedral, hanyuma zigakora kristu ya atome, ifite icyerekezo gikomeye n'imbaraga zo gufatanya, hamwe n'ubukana bwinshi. Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere ya PCD ni ibi bikurikira: ① ubukana bushobora kugera kuri 8000 HV, inshuro 8-12 za karuboni; ② ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe ni 700W / mK, inshuro 1.5-9, ndetse hejuru ya PCBN na umuringa; ③ ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe muri rusange ni 0.1-0.3 gusa, munsi cyane ya 0.4-1 ya karuboni, bigabanya cyane imbaraga zo gukata; ④ ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe ni 0.9x10-6-1.18x10-6,1/5 bya karuboni, bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe no kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya; ⑤ kandi ibikoresho bitari ibyuma ntibigira uruhare runini mu gukora utudomo.
Nitride ya Cubic boron ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya ogisijeni kandi ishobora gutunganya ibikoresho birimo icyuma, ariko ubukana bwayo buri hasi ugereranyije na diyama imwe ya kristu, umuvuduko wo kuyitunganya ni muto kandi imikorere yayo ni mike. Diyama imwe ya kristu ifite ubukana bwinshi, ariko ubukana bwayo ntibuhagije. Anisotropy ituma byoroha kwitandukanya n'ubuso (111) bitewe n'imbaraga zo hanze, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuyitunganya ni buke. PCD ni polymer ikorwa n'uduce twa diyama ingano ya mikoroni hakoreshejwe uburyo bumwe na bumwe. Imiterere y'akajagari k'ubwirundanye bw'uduce duto butuma tugira imiterere ya macroscopic isotropic, kandi nta buso bugana mu cyerekezo no mu gucikamo ibice mu mbaraga zo gukurura. Ugereranyije na diyama imwe ya kristu, umupaka w'ingano ya PCD ugabanya neza anisotropy kandi ukongera imiterere ya mekanike.
1. Amahame yo gushushanya ibikoresho byo gukata PCD
(1) Guhitamo neza ingano y'uduce twa PCD
Mu buryo bw'imitekerereze, PCD igomba kugerageza kunoza ibinyampeke, kandi ikwirakwizwa ry'inyongera hagati y'ibicuruzwa rigomba kuba ringana uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo ritsinde anisotropy. Guhitamo ingano y'ibinyampeke bya PCD bifitanye isano n'imiterere y'uburyo bitunganywa. Muri rusange, PCD ifite imbaraga nyinshi, ikomeye, idakora neza kandi ifite ingano nto ishobora gukoreshwa mu kurangiza cyangwa kurangiza neza, naho PCD y'ibinyampeke bikomeye ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu muri rusange. Ingano y'ibinyampeke bya PCD ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y'igikoresho. Inyandiko zifatika zigaragaza ko iyo ibinyampeke by'ibikoresho ari binini, kudakora neza bigenda byiyongera uko ingano y'ibinyampeke igabanuka, ariko iyo ingano y'ibinyampeke ari nto cyane, iri tegeko ntirikurikizwa.
Igerageza rijyanye n’ibyo ryatoranyije ifu enye ya diyama ifite ingano isanzwe ya 10um, 5um, 2um na 1um, maze byemezwa ko: ① Uko ingano y’uduce tw’ibikoresho fatizo igabanuka, Co ikwirakwira neza ku buryo bungana; uko ② igabanuka, ubushobozi bwo kudashira no kudashyuha bwa PCD bwaragabanutse buhoro buhoro.
(2) Guhitamo neza imiterere y'umunwa w'icyuma n'ubugari bw'icyuma
Imiterere y'umunwa w'icyuma igizwe ahanini n'imiterere ine: inverted edge, blunt circle, inverted edge blunt circle composite n'inguni ityaye. Imiterere y'inguni ityaye ituma inverted edge iba ityaye, umuvuduko wo gukata ni wihuta, ishobora kugabanya cyane imbaraga zo gukata na burr, yongera ubwiza bw'ubuso bw'igicuruzwa, ikwiriye cyane alloy ya silikoni nkeya n'ubundi bukomezi buke, irangira neza mu byuma bidakoresha feri. Imiterere y'icyuma ityaye ishobora gutuma umunwa w'icyuma uhagarara, igakora R Angle, ikabuza neza icyuma kuvunika, ikwiriye gutunganywa alloy ya silikoni iri hagati / iri hejuru. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byihariye, nko gukata uburebure buciriritse no gukamura icyuma gito, imiterere y'icyuma ityaye niyo ikundwa. Imiterere y'icyuma ityaye ishobora kongera impande n'imfuruka, igatuza icyuma, ariko icyarimwe izongera umuvuduko no kudakata, ikwiriye cyane mu gukata imizigo myinshi ya silikoni.
Kugira ngo worohereze EDM, ubusanzwe hitamo urwego rworoshye rwa PDC (0.3-1.0mm), hamwe n'urwego rwa karubide, ubunini bwose bw'igikoresho ni nka mm 28. Uru rwego rwa karubide ntirugomba kuba runini cyane kugira ngo hirindwe intera iterwa n'itandukaniro riri hagati y'ubuso bufatanye.
2, inzira yo gukora ibikoresho bya PCD
Uburyo bwo gukora igikoresho cya PCD bugena mu buryo butaziguye imikorere yo gukata n'igihe gikoreshwa, ari na byo by'ingenzi mu ikoreshwa ryacyo no mu iterambere ryacyo. Uburyo bwo gukora igikoresho cya PCD bugaragara ku Ishusho ya 5.
(1) Gukora ibinini bya PCD (PDC)
① Uburyo bwo gukora PDC
PDC muri rusange igizwe n'ifu ya diyama karemano cyangwa iy'ubukorikori hamwe n'ibikoresho bihambira ku bushyuhe bwinshi (1000-2000℃) n'umuvuduko mwinshi (5-10 atm). Ibikoresho bihambira birema ikiraro gihambira hamwe na TiC, Sic, Fe, Co, Ni, nibindi nk'ibice by'ingenzi, kandi kristalo ya diyama ishyirwa mu gitereko cy'ikiraro gihambira mu buryo bw'umugozi wa covalent. PDC muri rusange ikorwamo disiki zifite umurambararo n'ubugari buhamye, hamwe no gusya no gusya hamwe n'ubundi buryo bujyanye n'imiti n'ubuvuzi. Muri make, imiterere myiza ya PDC igomba kugumana imiterere myiza ya diyama imwe ya kristu uko bishoboka kose, bityo, inyongera mu mubiri utera umwijima zigomba kuba nke cyane uko bishoboka kose, icyarimwe, ihurizo rya DD rishoboka uko bishoboka kose,
② Gushyira mu byiciro no guhitamo ibikoresho byo gufunga
Igikoresho cyo gufunga ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane gikora ku bushyuhe bw'igikoresho cya PCD, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bukomere bwacyo, kudashira no kudashira. Uburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza PCD ni: icyuma, cobalt, nikeli n'ibindi byuma bihindura. Ifu ivanze ya Co na W niyo yakoreshejwe nk'igikoresho cyo guhuza, kandi imikorere yuzuye ya PCD yo gusana yari myiza cyane iyo igitutu cya synthesis cyari 5.5 GPa, ubushyuhe bwo gusana bwari 1450℃ n'ubushyuhe bw'iminota 4. SiC, TiC, WC, TiB2, n'ibindi bikoresho bya ceramic. SiC Ubushyuhe bwa SiC buruta ubwa Co, ariko ubukomere n'ubukomere bwo gucika ni bike cyane. Kugabanya ingano y'ibikoresho fatizo bishobora kongera ubukomere n'ubukomere bwa PCD. Nta kole, ifite grafiti cyangwa izindi soko za karuboni mu bushyuhe bwinshi cyane n'umuvuduko mwinshi watwitswe muri diyama ya polymer ya nanoscale (NPD). Gukoresha grafiti nk'intangiriro yo gutegura NPD ni byo bintu bigoye cyane, ariko NPD yo gusana ifite ubukomere bwinshi kandi ifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike.
Guhitamo no kugenzura ③ ibinyampeke
Ifu y'ibikoresho fatizo bya diyama ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya PCD. Gutegura ifu nto ya diyama mbere yo kuyitunganya, kongeramo ibintu bike bibuza gukura kw'uduce duto twa diyama no guhitamo neza inyongeramusaruro zishobora kubuza gukura kw'uduce duto twa diyama.
NPD yuzuye kandi ifite imiterere imwe ishobora gukuraho anisotropy neza no kunoza imiterere ya mekanike. Ifu ya nanografiti itegurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusya umupira w’ingufu nyinshi yakoreshejwe mu kugenzura ingano ya ogisijeni ku bushyuhe bwinshi mbere yo kuyisya, ihindura grafiti mo diyama munsi ya 18 GPa na 2100-2300℃, ikora lamella na granular NPD, kandi ubukana bwariyongereye uko ubunini bwa lamella bwagabanukaga.
④ Gukoresha imiti itinze
Ku bushyuhe bumwe (200 ° ℃) n'igihe (amasaha 20), ingaruka zo gukuraho kobalti ya Lewis aside-FeCl3 zari nziza cyane kurusha iz'amazi, kandi igipimo cyiza cya HCl cyari 10-15g / 100ml. Ubushyuhe bwa PCD burakomera uko ubujyakuzimu bwo gukuraho kobalti bwiyongera. Ku PCD ikura cyane, aside ikomeye ishobora gukuraho burundu Cobalt, ariko igira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere ya polymer; kongeramo TiC na WC kugira ngo bihindure imiterere ya polycrystal ya sintetike no guhuza na aside ikomeye kugira ngo PCD irusheho gukomera. Kuri ubu, uburyo bwo gutegura ibikoresho bya PCD burimo gutera imbere, gukomera kw'ibicuruzwa ni byiza, anisotropy yararushijeho kuba nziza cyane, umusaruro w'ubucuruzi wageze ku isoko, inganda zifitanye isano nazo zirimo gutera imbere vuba.
(2) Gutunganya icyuma cya PCD
① Uburyo bwo gukata
PCD ifite ubukana bwinshi, idapfa kwangirika neza kandi iragoye cyane kuyikata.
② Uburyo bwo gusudira
PDC n'umubiri w'icyuma hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gufunga, gufatanya no gufunga. Gufunga ni ugukanda PDC kuri matrix ya karubide, harimo gufunga vacuum, gusudira vacuum diffusion, gufunga high induction heating brazing, gusudira laser, nibindi. Gufunga high induction heating brazing bifite ikiguzi gito kandi bitanga umusaruro mwinshi, kandi byakoreshejwe cyane. Ubwiza bwo gusudira bufitanye isano n'ubushyuhe, alloy welding n'ubushyuhe bwo gusudira. Ubushyuhe bwo gusudira (muri rusange buri munsi ya 700 ° ℃) bufite ingaruka zikomeye, ubushyuhe ni bwinshi cyane, byoroshye gutera graphitization ya PCD, cyangwa se "gutwika cyane", bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ngaruka zo gusudira, kandi ubushyuhe buke cyane butuma imbaraga zo gusudira zidahagije. Ubushyuhe bwo gusudira bushobora kugenzurwa n'igihe cyo gufunga n'ubujyakuzimu bwa PCD.
③ Uburyo bwo gusya icyuma
Uburyo bwo gusya ibikoresho bya PCD ni ingenzi mu gukora. Muri rusange, agaciro gakomeye k'icyuma n'icyuma kiri muri 5um, naho umurambararo w'icyuma uri muri 4um; ubuso bwo gukata imbere n'inyuma butuma ubuso burangira neza, ndetse bugabanya ubuso bwo gukata imbere bwa Ra kuri 0.01 μ m kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa n'indorerwamo, bigatuma uduce dutembera ku buso bw'icyuma cy'imbere kandi bigatuma icyuma kidafata.
Uburyo bwo gusya amasasu burimo gusya amasasu ya diyama, gusya amasasu ya elegitoroniki (EDG), gusya amasasu ya metal super hard abrasive grinding wheel online electrolytic finishing blade grinding (ELID), gusya amasasu ya composite. Muri byo, gusya amasasu ya diyama ni byo bikuze cyane, kandi bikoreshwa cyane.
Igerageza rijyanye nabyo: ① uruhererekane rw'udusimba duto rutera kugwa gukomeye kw'icyuma, kandi ingano y'udusimba duto rugabanuka, kandi ubwiza bw'icyuma burushaho kuba bwiza; ingano y'udusimba duto rufitanye isano ya hafi n'ubwiza bw'icyuma cy'udusimba duto cyangwa udusimba duto cyane twa PCD, ariko bigira ingaruka nke ku bikoresho by'udusimba duto twa PCD.
Ubushakashatsi bujyanye n'ibyo mu gihugu no mu mahanga bwibanda cyane cyane ku buryo n'inzira yo gusya icyuma. Mu buryo bwo gusya icyuma, gukuraho icyuma gishyushya no gukuraho icyuma gishyushya ni byo byiganje, kandi gukuraho icyuma gishyushya no gukuraho icyuma gishyushya ni bike cyane. Mu gusya, hakurikijwe imbaraga n'ubushyuhe bw'amapine atandukanye asya diyama, ongera umuvuduko n'ingufu z'uruziga rwo gusya uko bishoboka kose, wirinde icyuma gishyushya no gukuraho icyuma gishyushya, ongera igipimo cyo gukuraho icyuma gishyushya, kandi ugabanye icyuma gishyushya. Ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'icyuma gishyushya ni buke, ariko byoroshye bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gutunganya, gutwika ubuso bw'igikoresho,
Uburyo bwo gusya icyuma bugomba kwitabwaho: ① Hitamo ibipimo by'uburyo bwo gusya icyuma bukwiye, bishobora gutuma ubwiza bw'umunwa w'inkombe burushaho kuba bwiza, uburebure bw'imbere n'inyuma bw'icyuma burushaho kuba bwiza. Ariko kandi, tekereza ku mbaraga nyinshi zo gusya, igihombo kinini, ubushobozi buke bwo gusya, igiciro kinini; ② Hitamo ubwiza bw'uruziga rwo gusya, harimo ubwoko bw'icyuma gifunga, ingano y'uduce, ubwinshi bw'uduce, icyuma gifunga, icyuma gifunga, hamwe n'imiterere y'icyuma cyumye kandi gitose, bishobora kunoza inguni y'igikoresho imbere n'inyuma, agaciro k'icyuma cyo gusimbuka n'ibindi bipimo, mu gihe binoza ubwiza bw'igikoresho.
Udukingirizo dutandukanye twa diyama dufatana dufite imiterere itandukanye, kandi uburyo bwo gusya butandukanye n'ingaruka zatwo. Udukingirizo tw'umucanga wa diyama dufatana na resin ni tworoshye, Uduce duto two gusya tworoshye kugwa mbere y'igihe, Nta bushyuhe bugira, Ubuso buroroha kwangirika bitewe n'ubushyuhe, Ubuso bushobora kwangirika cyane; Udukingirizo tw'icyuma dufatana na diyama dufatana na diyama dufatana na diyama dufatana na diyama dufatana na diyama dufatana na diyama, dufatana neza, ubuso buto, Ubuso buto buto bwo gusya, Ubushobozi bwo hejuru, Ariko, ubushobozi bwo gufatana n'udukingirizo butuma twiyoroshya, Kandi inkombe yo hasi yoroshye gusiga icyuho, Bitera kwangirika gukomeye; Udukingirizo twa diyama dufatana na diyama dufatana na diyama dufite imbaraga ziciriritse, Ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwiyamamaza, Uduce twinshi tw'imbere, Dukunda gukuraho ivumbi no gushonga ubushyuhe, Ishobora kwihuza n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'udukonjesha, Ubushyuhe buke bwo gusya, Udukingirizo ntidusaza cyane, Ubushobozi bwiza bwo kubika imiterere, Ubuziranenge bw'imikorere myiza, Ariko, umubiri w'udukingirizo twa diyama n'udukingirizo bituma habaho imyobo ku buso bw'igikoresho. Bikoreshwa hakurikijwe ibikoresho byo gutunganya, ubushobozi bwo gusya bwuzuye, kuramba cyane no kuba ubuso bw'igikoresho.
Ubushakashatsi ku mikorere myiza y’imashini zisya bwibanze cyane cyane ku kunoza umusaruro no kugenzura ikiguzi. Muri rusange, igipimo cyo gusya Q (gukuraho PCD kuri buri gikoresho) n’igipimo cyo kwambara G (igipimo cyo gukuraho PCD kugeza ku gutakaza kw’uruziga rwo gusya) bikoreshwa nk’ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gusuzuma.
Igikoresho cya PCD cy’umuhanga w’Umudage witwa KENTER gisya gifite umuvuduko uhoraho, ikizamini: ① cyongera umuvuduko w’uruziga rwo gusya, ingano y’uduce twa PDC n’ubwinshi bw’udukonjesha, igipimo cyo gusya n’ubwinshi bw’uduce two kwangirika biragabanuka; ② cyongera ingano y’uduce two gusya, cyongera umuvuduko uhoraho, cyongera uburemere bwa diyama mu ruziga rwo gusya, igipimo cyo gusya n’ubwinshi bw’uduce two kwangirika byiyongera; ③ Ubwoko bw’udukoresho bwo gufunga buratandukanye, igipimo cyo gusya n’ubwinshi bw’uduce two kwangirika biratandukanye. KENTER Uburyo bwo gusya icyuma cya PCD bwizweho ku buryo burambuye, ariko ingaruka z’uburyo bwo gusya icyuma ntizasesenguwe ku buryo burambuye.
3. Gukoresha no kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho byo gukata PCD
(1) Guhitamo ibipimo byo gukata ibikoresho
Mu gihe cya mbere cyo gukoresha igikoresho cya PCD, umunwa ushyushye wagendaga usohoka buhoro buhoro, maze ubwiza bw'ubuso bw'icyuma burushaho kuba bwiza. Gusohora bishobora gukuraho neza icyuho gito n'udusimba duto twazanwaga no gusya icyuma, kunoza ubwiza bw'ubuso bw'icyuma gikata, kandi icyarimwe, bigakora uruziga rw'uruziga kugira ngo bikandagire kandi bisanane ubuso bwatunganyijwe, bityo bikongera ubwiza bw'ubuso bw'igikoresho.
Ingano y'ibikoresho bya PCD isya ubuso bw'icyuma cya aluminiyumu, umuvuduko wo gukata muri rusange uri muri metero 4000 / min, gutunganya imyobo muri rusange uri muri metero 800 / min, gutunganya icyuma cya pulasitiki itagira feri kinini bigomba gufata umuvuduko wo guhindukira (300-1000 m / min). Ingano y'ibiryo muri rusange isabwa hagati ya 0.08-0.15mm / r. Ingano nini cyane y'ibiryo, imbaraga nyinshi zo gukata, ubuso busigaye bw'igipimo cy'imirimo; ingano nto cyane y'ibiryo, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gukata, no kwangirika kwiyongera. Ubujyakuzimu bwo gukata buriyongera, imbaraga zo gukata ziyongera, ubushyuhe bwo gukata buriyongera, ubuzima buragabanuka, uburebure bukabije bwo gukata bushobora gutuma icyuma gisenyuka byoroshye; uburebure buto bwo gukata buzatuma icyuma gikomera, cyangirika ndetse n'icyuma kigasenyuka.
(2) Ifishi yo kwambara
Igikoresho cyo gutunganya ibikoresho, bitewe no gukururana, ubushyuhe bwinshi n'izindi mpamvu, kwangirika ntibishoboka. Kwangirika kw'igikoresho cya diyama kugizwe n'ibice bitatu: icyiciro cya mbere cyo kwangirika vuba (kizwi kandi nk'icyiciro cyo guhindura), icyiciro cyo kwangirika gihamye gifite umuvuduko uhoraho wo kwangirika, n'icyiciro gikurikiraho cyo kwangirika vuba. Icyiciro cyo kwangirika vuba kigaragaza ko igikoresho kidakora kandi gisaba kongera gusya. Uburyo bwo kwangirika bw'ibikoresho byo gukata burimo kwangirika gukonje (kwangirika gukonje), kwangirika gukwirakwira, kwangirika gukabije, kwangirika gukabije, n'ibindi.
Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho gakondo, uburyo ibikoresho bya PCD byambara ni ugushira kw'ubudodo, kwangirika kw'ubudodo n'ubwangirike bw'urwego rwa polycrystalline. Muri byo, kwangirika kw'urwego rwa polycrystalline ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru, igaragazwa no kugwa kw'icyuma gikozwe mu buryo butunguranye bitewe n'ingaruka zo hanze cyangwa gutakaza kole muri PDC, bigatuma habaho icyuho, giterwa n'ibyangiritse by'imashini, bishobora gutuma uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu bugabanuka n'uduce tw'ibikoresho. Ingano y'uduce twa PCD, imiterere y'icyuma, inguni y'icyuma, ibikoresho by'igikoresho n'ibipimo byo gutunganya bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga z'icyuma n'imbaraga zo gukata, hanyuma bigatera kwangirika k'urwego rwa polycrystal. Mu ikoranabuhanga, ingano y'uduce tw'ibikoresho fatizo, ibipimo by'ibikoresho n'ibipimo byo gutunganya bigomba gutoranywa hakurikijwe imiterere yo gutunganya.
4. Iterambere ry'ibikoresho byo gukata PCD
Kuri ubu, urwego rw'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bya PCD rwagutse kuva ku gucukura bisanzwe kugera ku gucukura, gusya, gukata vuba, kandi byakoreshejwe cyane mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Iterambere ryihuse ry'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ntiryazanye gusa ingaruka ku nganda zikoresha imodoka gakondo, ahubwo ryanazanye imbogamizi zidasanzwe ku nganda zikoresha ibikoresho, risaba inganda zikoresha ibikoresho kwihutisha kunoza no guhanga udushya.
Ikoreshwa ryagutse ry'ibikoresho byo gukata bya PCD ryarushijeho kwiyongera no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ibikoresho byo gukata. Uko ubushakashatsi bugenda bwiyongera, ibipimo bya PDC bigenda birushaho kuba bike, kunoza ireme ry'ibinyampeke, imikorere ihuye, igipimo cyo gusya n'uburyo igipimo cyo kwangirika kirushaho kwiyongera, imiterere n'imiterere bitandukanye. Ibyerekezo by'ubushakashatsi bw'ibikoresho bya PCD birimo: ① ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere urwego rworoshye rwa PCD; ② ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya bya PCD; ③ ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho byiza byo gusudira bya PCD no kugabanya ikiguzi; ④ ubushakashatsi bunoza uburyo bwo gusya icyuma cya PCD kugira ngo burusheho kunoza imikorere; ⑤ ubushakashatsi bunoza ibipimo by'ibikoresho bya PCD kandi bugakoresha ibikoresho hakurikijwe imiterere y'aho hantu; ⑥ ubushakashatsi buhitamo ibipimo byo gukata hakurikijwe ibikoresho byatunganyijwe.
incamake ngufi
(1) Imikorere yo gukata ibikoresho bya PCD, bigabanya ibura ry'ibikoresho byinshi bya karuboni; icyarimwe, igiciro kiri hasi cyane ugereranije n'igikoresho kimwe cya diyama, mu gukata kwa none, ni igikoresho cyiza;
(2) Hakurikijwe ubwoko n'imikorere y'ibikoresho byatunganyijwe, guhitamo neza ingano y'uduce n'ibipimo by'ibikoresho bya PCD, ari na byo shingiro ry'ikorwa n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho,
(3) Ibikoresho bya PCD bifite ubukana bwinshi, ari nabyo bikoresho byiza byo gukata icyuma, ariko kandi binatera ingorane mu gukora ibikoresho byo gukata. Mu gukora, gusuzuma neza ingorane z'uburyo ibintu bikorerwa n'ibikenewe mu gutunganya, kugira ngo ugere ku musaruro mwiza w'ikiguzi;
(4) Ibikoresho byo gutunganya PCD mu gace k'icyuma, tugomba guhitamo ibipimo byo gukata, hashingiwe ku mikorere y'ibicuruzwa, uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo twongere igihe cyo gukora cy'igikoresho kugira ngo tugere ku buringanire bw'igihe cyo gukora, umusaruro mwiza n'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa;
(5) Gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya bya PCD kugira ngo bitsinde imbogamizi zirimo
Iyi nkuru yakuwe muri "urusobe rw'ibikoresho bikomeye cyane"
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-25-2025
