Nigute ushobora gutwika ifu ya diyama?

Nkinganda zikora impinduka zihanitse, iterambere ryihuse mubijyanye ningufu zisukuye hamwe na semiconductor hamwe niterambere ryinganda zifotora, hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse bwo gutunganya ibikoresho bya diyama bigenda byiyongera, ariko ifu ya diyama yubukorikori nkibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi, intara ya diyama hamwe na matrix ifata imbaraga ntabwo byoroshye ubuzima bwibikoresho bya karbide kare ntabwo ari birebire. Mu rwego rwo gukemura ibyo bibazo, inganda muri rusange zifata ifu ya diyama yometseho ibikoresho byuma, kugirango irusheho kuranga ubuso bwayo, izamura igihe kirekire, kugirango izamure ubwiza bwibikoresho.

Uburyo bwa pome ya diyama yuburyo bwo hejuru ni bwinshi, harimo gusya imiti, amashanyarazi, gusya kwa magnetron, isahani ya vacuum, isahani ishyushye, nibindi, harimo gusya imiti hamwe no kubumba hamwe nibikuze, gutwikira imyenda imwe, birashobora kugenzura neza ibice byububiko hamwe nubunini, ibyiza byo gutwikira ibicuruzwa, byahindutse inganda zibiri zikoreshwa muburyo bukoreshwa cyane.

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Ifu ya diyama ifata imiti nugushira ifu ya diyama ivuwe mumuti wa shitingi, hanyuma ugashyira ioni yicyuma mugisubizo cya coating ukoresheje ibikorwa bigabanya imiti igabanya imiti, bigakora icyuma cyinshi. Kugeza ubu, isahani ikoreshwa cyane ya diyama ni imiti ya nikel isahani-fosifore (Ni-P) ibinini byombi byitwa nikel plaque.

01 Ibigize imiti ya nikel isahani

Ibigize umuti wibikoresho bya shimi bigira uruhare rukomeye kumajyambere igenda neza, ituze hamwe nubwiza bwimiti yabyo. Ubusanzwe irimo umunyu wingenzi, kugabanya agent, complexe, buffer, stabilisateur, yihuta, surfactant nibindi bice. Ikigereranyo cya buri kintu kigomba guhindurwa neza kugirango ugere ku ngaruka nziza.

1, umunyu nyamukuru: mubisanzwe nikel sulfate, nikel chloride, nikel amino sulfonique, nikel karubone, nibindi, uruhare rwayo nyamukuru ni ugutanga isoko ya nikel.

2. Reductive agent: itanga cyane cyane hydrogène ya atome, igabanya Ni2 + mugisubizo cya plaque muri Ni ikayishyira hejuru yibice bya diyama, nikintu cyingenzi mubisubizo byisahani. Mu nganda, sodium ya kabiri ya fosifate ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya imbaraga, igiciro gito hamwe no gufata neza isahani ikoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho bigabanya. Sisitemu yo kugabanya irashobora kugera kumashanyarazi kubushyuhe buke n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.

3, umukozi utoroshye: igisubizo gishobora gutwika imvura, kongerera imbaraga igisubizo cyumuti, kongera igihe cyumurimo wigisubizo cya plaque, kuzamura umuvuduko wa nikel, kuzamura ubwiza bwurwego rwa coating, muri rusange ukoreshe acide succinin, acide citric, acide lactique nizindi acide kama n umunyu wabo.

4. buffer irashobora kubyara H + mugihe cya nikel yamashanyarazi kugirango yizere ko pH ihoraho; surfactant irashobora kugabanya gutwikira.

02 Uburyo bwa nikel-plaque

Isahani yimiti ya sisitemu ya sodium hypophosphate isaba ko matrix igomba kuba ifite ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bya catalitiki, kandi hejuru ya diyama ubwayo ntabwo ifite ikigo cyibikorwa bya catalitiki, bityo rero igomba kubanza kubanzirizwa mbere yo gushiramo imiti yifu ya diyama. Uburyo gakondo bwo kwitegura uburyo bwo gufata imiti ni ugukuraho amavuta, gutobora, gukangurira no gukora.

. Kwiyunvikana birashobora gukora ibinogo bito ndetse no gutoboka hejuru ya diyama, bikongerera ubukana bwa diyama, ntibifasha gusa kwinjiza ioni yicyuma aha hantu, byorohereza isahani ya chimique hamwe na electroplating, ariko kandi bigatera intambwe hejuru ya diyama, bigatanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukura kw'ibiti bya shimi cyangwa amashanyarazi.

Mubisanzwe, intambwe yo kuvanaho amavuta mubisanzwe ifata NaOH nibindi bisubizo bya alkaline nkigisubizo cyo kuvanaho amavuta, naho kugirango intambwe igabanuke, acide nitric hamwe nundi muti wa acide bikoreshwa nkigisubizo kibi cya chimique kugirango kibe hejuru ya diyama. Byongeye kandi, iyi miyoboro yombi igomba gukoreshwa n’imashini isukura ultrasonic, ifasha mu kunoza imikorere yo kuvanaho amavuta yifu ya diyama no gufatana hamwe, bikabika umwanya mugukuraho amavuta no gutobora, kandi bikareba ingaruka zo gukuraho amavuta no kuvuga nabi,

. Gukangura ni ugusohora ibintu byoroshye okiside hejuru yifu ya diyama idafite ubushobozi bwa autocatalytic. Igikorwa ni ugukwirakwiza okiside ya acide ya hypophosifike na ion ikora ibyuma (nka palladium yicyuma) kugabanya ibice bya nikel, kugirango byihute umuvuduko wo gushira hejuru yifu ya diyama.

Muri rusange, igihe cyo kuvura no gukangurira igihe ni gito cyane, icyerekezo cya diyama hejuru yicyuma cya palladium point ni gito, adsorption ya coating ntabwo ihagije, igipfundikizo cyoroshye kugwa cyangwa bigoye gukora igifuniko cyuzuye, kandi igihe cyo kuvura ni kirekire cyane, bizatera imyanda ya palladium, bityo rero, igihe cyiza cyo gukangurira no kuvura ni 20 ~ 30min.

. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa chimique nikel isahani, ubushyuhe rusange buzaba muri 80 ~ 85 ℃, hejuru ya 85 ℃ byoroshye gutera kwangirika kwumuti wa plaque, kandi mubushyuhe buri munsi ya 85 ℃, niko umuvuduko wihuta. Ku gaciro ka PH, uko pH yiyongera igipimo cyo guta ibicuruzwa bizamuka, ariko pH nayo izatera imiterere yumunyu wa nikel ibuza igipimo cy’imiti, bityo rero mugikorwa cyo gutunganya imiti ya nikel hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gutunganya imiti ya chimique hamwe nikigereranyo, uburyo bwo gutunganya imiti, kugenzura igipimo cy’imiti y’imiti, uburinganire bw’imyenda, guteranya ifu ya diyama.

Byongeye kandi, igipfundikizo kimwe ntigishobora kugera ku mubyimba mwiza wo gutwikira, kandi hashobora kubaho ibibyimba byinshi, pinholes nizindi nenge, bityo igifuniko kinini gishobora gufatwa kugirango ubuziranenge bwikibiriti kandi byongere ikwirakwizwa ryifu ya diyama.

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Bitewe no kuba fosifore iri murwego rwo gutwikira nyuma yo guteranya nikel ya diyama ya diyama, biganisha ku mashanyarazi mabi, bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gupakira umucanga ibikoresho bya diyama (inzira yo gutunganya uduce duto twa diyama hejuru ya matrix), bityo igipande kidafite fosifore gishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwa nikel. Igikorwa cyihariye nugushira ifu ya diyama mumuti utwikiriwe urimo nikel ion, uduce twa diyama duhura na electrode mbi ya electrode muri cathode, icyuma cya nikel cyinjijwe mumashanyarazi hanyuma ugahuzwa na electrode nziza ya elegitoronike kugirango ube anode, binyuze mubikorwa bya electrolytike, ion ya nikel yubusa mubisubizo bya atome hejuru ya diyama.

01 Ibigize igisubizo

Kimwe nigisubizo cyibikoresho bya chimique, igisubizo cya electroplating ahanini gitanga ion zikenewe mubyuma byamashanyarazi, kandi ikagenzura uburyo bwo kubika nikel kugirango ibone icyuma gisabwa. Ibice byingenzi byingenzi birimo umunyu wingenzi, anode ikora, agent ya buffer, inyongeramusaruro nibindi.

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. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bifata aside irike, acide acike, sodium bicarbonate nibindi.

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02 Diamond yamashanyarazi nikel itemba

1. Kwiyitirira mbere yo kubumba: diyama akenshi ntabwo ikora, kandi igomba gushyirwaho icyuma hifashishijwe ubundi buryo bwo gutwikira. Uburyo bwa plaque chimique bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kubanza gutondekanya icyuma no kubyimba, bityo ubwiza bwimiti ya chimique bugira ingaruka kumiterere yicyapa ku rugero runaka. Muri rusange, ibikubiye muri fosifore mugipfundikizo nyuma yo guteranya imiti bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yikibiriti, kandi hejuru ya fosifore ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa mukarere ka acide, hejuru yikibiriti gifite ibibyimba byinshi, ububobere bunini kandi nta mutungo wa magneti; igikoresho cya fosifori giciriritse gifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa no kurwanya; igifuniko cya fosifore nkeya gifite uburyo bwiza bwo kuyobora.

Byongeye kandi, ntoya ingano yubunini bwa pome ya diyama, nini nini yubuso bwihariye, mugihe utwikiriye, byoroshye kureremba mumuti wibisahani, bizabyara imyanda, isahani, gutwikira ibintu bitagaragara, mbere yo kubisiga, bigomba kugenzura ibirimo P hamwe nubwiza bwa coating, kugirango bigenzure neza nubucucike bwifu ya diyama kugirango byoroshye ifu byoroshye kureremba.

2, isahani ya nikel: kuri ubu, isahani ya pome ya diyama ikunze gukoresha uburyo bwo gutwikira, ni ukuvuga, urugero rukwiye rwumuti wa electroplating wongeyeho mumacupa, umubare munini wifu ya diyama artificiel mumashanyarazi, binyuze mukuzunguruka icupa, gutwara ifu ya diyama mumacupa kugirango izunguruke. Muri icyo gihe, electrode nziza ihujwe na nikel, na electrode mbi ihujwe nifu ya diyama yubukorikori. Mubikorwa byumurima wamashanyarazi, nikel ion yubusa mugisubizo cyisahani ikora nikel yicyuma hejuru yifu ya pome ya diyama. Nyamara, ubu buryo bufite ibibazo byubushobozi buke bwo gutwikira hamwe no gutwikira kutaringaniye, ubwo buryo bwo guhinduranya electrode bwabayeho.

Uburyo bwo guhinduranya electrode ni ukuzunguruka cathode mu isahani ya pome ya diyama. Ubu buryo burashobora kongera aho uhurira hagati ya electrode na diyama, bikongera ubwuzuzanye bumwe hagati yuduce, kunoza ibintu bitaringaniye byo gutwikira, no kunoza umusaruro wo gukora diyama ya nikel.

incamake

Nkibikoresho nyamukuru byibikoresho bya diyama, guhindura hejuru ya micropowder ya diyama nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kuzamura imbaraga za matrix no kuzamura ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibikoresho. Kugirango tunonosore igipimo cyo gupakira umucanga ibikoresho bya diyama, ubusanzwe urwego rwa nikel na fosifore rushobora gushyirwaho hejuru ya micropowder ya diyama kugira ngo rugende neza, hanyuma ukabyimbye hejuru ya plaque ukoresheje plaque ya nikel, kandi byongere ubworoherane. Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko ubuso bwa diyama ubwabwo budafite ikigo gikora catalitiki, bityo rero kigomba kubanzirizwa mbere yo gutera imiti.

Inyandiko:

Liu Han. Kwiga ku buhanga bwo gutwikira hejuru hamwe nubuziranenge bwa pome ya diyama yubukorikori [D]. Ikigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Zhongyuan.

Yang Biao, Yang Jun, na Yuan Guangsheng. Kwiga kubikorwa byo kwitegura hejuru ya diyama [J]. Umwanya wo kugereranya umwanya.

Li Jinghua. Ubushakashatsi ku guhindura isura no gukoresha ifu ya diyama ya diyama ikoreshwa mu nsinga [D]. Ikigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Zhongyuan.

Fang Lili, Zheng Lian, Wu Yanfei, n'abandi. Gutunganya imiti ya nikel yubutaka bwa diyama yubukorikori [J]. Ikinyamakuru cya IOL.

Iyi ngingo yongeye gucapwa murusobe rwibikoresho bya superhard