Imashini zikata PDC, cyangwa polycrystalline diamond compact, zahinduye ibintu mu nganda zicukura. Ibi bikoresho byo gukata byahinduye ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura binyuze mu kongera imikorere no kugabanya ikiguzi. Ariko se imashini zikata PDC zaturutse he, kandi zaje gukundwa gute?
Amateka y’ibikoresho byo gukata bya PDC ahera mu myaka ya 1950 ubwo diyama zikozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike zatangiraga gukorwa. Izi diyama zakozwe hakoreshejwe grafiti ishyirwa ku gitutu n’ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma habaho ibikoresho bikomeye kurusha diyama karemano. Diyama zikozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike zahise zikundwa cyane mu nganda, harimo no gucukura.
Ariko, gukoresha diyama zikoze mu bucukuzi byari bigoye. Diyama zakunze kuvunika cyangwa kuva ku gikoresho, bigabanyiriza imikorere yacyo kandi bigasaba gusimbuzwa kenshi. Kugira ngo bakemure iki kibazo, abashakashatsi batangiye kugerageza guhuza diyama zikoze mu bucukuzi n'ibindi bikoresho, nka tungsten carbide, kugira ngo hakorwe igikoresho cyo gukata kiramba kandi gitanga umusaruro.
Mu myaka ya 1970, hakozwe imashini za mbere zo gukata za PDC, zigizwe n'urwego rwa diyama rufatanye na tungsten carbide substrate. Izi mashini zakoreshejwe mu ntangiriro mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ariko inyungu zazo zahise zigaragara mu ikoreshwa ry'ubucukuzi bwa peteroli na gaze. Imashini zo gukata za PDC zatangaga ubucukuzi bwihuse kandi bunoze, zigabanya ikiguzi kandi zikongera umusaruro.
Uko ikoranabuhanga ryagendaga ritera imbere, ibikoresho bicukura bya PDC byarushijeho gutera imbere, aho imiterere mishya n'ibikoresho byongera uburambe bwabyo no kuba ingirakamaro. Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho bicukura bya PDC bikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bwo gucukura, harimo gucukura amazi ashyushye, gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, kubaka, n'ibindi.
Gukoresha ibyuma bicukura bya PDC byanatumye habaho iterambere mu buhanga bwo gucukura, nko gucukura mu buryo butambitse no gucukura mu cyerekezo. Ubu buryo bwashobotse kubera imikorere myiza no kuramba kw'ibyuma bicukura bya PDC, bituma habaho gucukura neza kandi bigacungwa neza.
Mu gusoza, abaca uduce twa PDC bafite amateka akomeye yo kuva mu iterambere rya diyama zikoze mu nganda mu myaka ya 1950. Iterambere ryabo n'iterambere ryabo byatumye habaho iterambere rikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura, kunoza imikorere, kugabanya ikiguzi, no kwagura uburyo bwo gukoresha. Uko icyifuzo cy'ubucukuzi bwihuse kandi bunoze gikomeza kwiyongera, biragaragara ko abaca uduce twa PDC bazakomeza kuba igice cy'ingenzi cy'inganda zicukura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-04-2023
