Ibipimo bya tekiniki by'ifu ya diyama nziza cyane bikubiyemo ingano y'uduce duto, imiterere y'uduce, ubuziranenge, imiterere ifatika n'ibindi bipimo, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ngaruka zabyo mu nganda zitandukanye (nk'ubukorikori, gusya, gukata, nibindi). Ibi bikurikira ni ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki n'ibisabwa byakusanyijwe mu byavuye mu bushakashatsi burambuye:
Ibipimo by'ikwirakwizwa ry'uduce duto n'imiterere yatwo
1. Ingano y'uduce duto
Ingano y'uduce twa diyama micro powder ubusanzwe ni mikoroni 0.1-50, kandi ibisabwa ku bunini bw'uduce biratandukanye cyane mu buryo butandukanye bwo kuyikoresha.
Gusukura: Hitamo ifu ntoya iri hagati ya mikoroni 0-0.5 na mikoroni 6-12 kugira ngo ugabanye gushwanyagurika no kunoza imiterere y'ubuso.
Gusya: Ifu nto iri hagati ya mikoro 5-10 na mikoro 12-22 ikwiriye cyane kubera imikorere myiza n'ubwiza bw'ubuso.
Gusya neza: ifu ya mikoroni 20-30 ishobora kunoza imikorere yo gusya
2. Ingano y'ibice by'udukoko igaragazwa
D10: ingano y'uduce duhuye na 10% by'ikwirakwizwa ry'ibice, bigaragaza igipimo cy'uduce duto. Igipimo cy'uduce duto gikwiye kugenzurwa kugira ngo hirindwe kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gusya.
D50 (umurambararo wo hagati): ihagarariye ingano mpuzandengo y'uduce, ari na yo ngingo y'ingenzi y'ikwirakwizwa ry'uduce kandi igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza n'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa.
D95: ingano y'uduce duhuye na 95% by'ikwirakwizwa ry'uduce, no kugenzura ingano y'uduce duto (nk'uko D95 irenga urugero rworoshye gutera iminkanyari ku bikoresho byo gukora).
Mv (ingano mpuzandengo y'utunyangingo): igizweho ingaruka cyane n'utunyangingo tunini kandi ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ikwirakwizwa ry'inkombe zikomeye
3. Sisitemu isanzwe
Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga akunze gukoreshwa arimo ANSI (urugero: D50, D100) na ISO (urugero: ISO6106: 2016).
Icya kabiri, imiterere y'uduce n'imiterere y'ubuso
1. Ibipimo by'imiterere
Ubuzenguruko: uko ubuzenguruko bugera kuri 1, niko uduce tuba turimo uruziga kandi niko uburyo bwo gusya burushaho kuba bwiza; uduce dufite uruziga ruto (impande nyinshi) tuba dukwiye gukoresha mu gukata insinga zikoresha amashanyarazi n'ahandi hantu hakenera impande ziciritse.
Uduce tumeze nk'isahani: utwo duce dufite transmittance irenga 90% dufatwa nk'utw'isahani, kandi igipimo kigomba kuba kiri munsi ya 10%; utwo duce tumeze nk'isahani twinshi bizatuma ingano y'utwo duce ihinduka kandi ingaruka zo kuyikoresha zidahindagurika.
Uduce tumeze nk'udusaro: igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bw'uduce> 3:1 kigomba kugenzurwa neza, kandi igipimo ntikigomba kurenga 3%.
2. Uburyo bwo kumenya ishusho
Mikorosikopi y'urumuri: ikwiriye kureba imiterere y'uduce turi hejuru ya mikorosi 2
Mikorosikopi ya elegitoroniki yo gupima (SEM): ikoreshwa mu gusesengura imiterere y'uduce duto cyane ku rwego rwa nanometero.
Kugenzura isuku n'umwanda
1. Ibirimo umwanda
Ubuziranenge bwa diyama bugomba kuba kuri 99%, kandi imyanda y'icyuma (nk'icyuma, umuringa) n'ibintu byangiza (sulfure, chlorine) bigomba kugenzurwa neza munsi ya 1%.
Imyanda iterwa na rukuruzi igomba kuba nke kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka zo guteranya ibintu ku isuku igezweho.
2. Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha magnetique
Diyama ifite isuku nyinshi igomba kuba hafi y’idafite isuku, kandi ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gukoresha isuku y’ingufu z ...
Ibipimo by'imikorere ifatika
1. Ubukomere bw'ingaruka
Ubudahangarwa bw'uduce duto burangwa n'umuvuduko udacika (cyangwa igihe cyo gucikamo ibice) nyuma yo gupimwa, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku kuramba kw'ibikoresho byo gusya.
2. Gutuza kw'ubushyuhe
Ifu nziza igomba kugumana ubushyuhe buri hejuru (nk'ubushyuhe bwa 750-1000℃) kugira ngo hirindwe ko grafiti ibaho cyangwa ogisijeni igabanuka bigatuma imbaraga zigabanuka; isesengura rya thermogravimetric (TGA) rikunze gukoreshwa cyane.
3. Ubukomere buto
Ubukonje bw'ifu ya diyama bugera kuri 10000 kq/mm2, bityo ni ngombwa kwemeza ko uduce duto dufite imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo hakomeze gukoreshwa neza mu gukata.
Ibisabwa kugira ngo porogaramu ihuzwe n'uburyo ikoreshwa 238
1. Kuringaniza ingano y'uduce duto n'ingaruka zo gutunganya
Uduce duto cyane (nk'uduce twa D95 twinshi) twongera ubushobozi bwo gusya ariko tugabanya irangi ry'ubuso: utwo duce duto (D10 nto) tugira ingaruka zitandukanye. Hindura urwego rw'ikwirakwizwa ry'uduce ukurikije ibisabwa.
2. Guhindura imiterere
Uduce tw’inyuma twinshi dukwiriye gusya amapine ya resin; utwo duce tw’inyuma dukwiriye gusya neza.
Uburyo n'ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gupima
1. Gutahura ingano y'uduce
Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza imirasire ya laser: ikoreshwa cyane ku duce twa micron/submicron, imikorere yoroshye n'amakuru yizewe;
Uburyo bwo gusingira: bukoreshwa gusa ku duce turi hejuru ya mikoroni 40;
2. Gutahura imiterere
Isesengura ry'ishusho y'uduce duto rishobora gupima ibipimo nk'ubugari no kugabanya amakosa yo kwitegereza hakoreshejwe intoki;
muri make
Ifu nto ya diyama nziza cyane isaba kugenzura neza ingano y'uduce duto (D10/D50/D95), imiterere y'uduce duto (ubugari, ingano cyangwa urushinge), ubuziranenge (umwanda, imiterere ya rukuruzi), n'imiterere ifatika (imbaraga, ubushyuhe). Abakora bagomba kunoza ibipimo hashingiwe ku buryo bwihariye bwo gukoresha no kwemeza ko ubuziranenge buhoraho binyuze mu buryo nka laser diffraction na electron microscopy. Mu gihe bahitamo, abakoresha bagomba gusuzuma ibisabwa mu gutunganya (nk'imikorere myiza n'irangizwa) kandi bagahuza ibipimo n'ibyo bagaragaza. Urugero, gutunganya neza bigomba gushyira imbere kugenzura D95 n'ubugari, mu gihe gusya neza bishobora kugabanya ibisabwa mu miterere kugira ngo byongere imikorere myiza.
Ibikubiye haruguru byakuwe mu rubuga rw'ibikoresho bikomeye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-11-2025
